Human rights obligations of the prosecutor in the Iranian legal system from the perspective of public law

Abstract

In addition to its traditional role as a prosecutor, the prosecutor in the Iranian legal system has extensive responsibilities in protecting human rights and ensuring public justice. From a public law perspective, these obligations do not simply stem from the rules of criminal procedure, but are rooted in the principles of the constitution, international law standards, and the requirements of good governance. The prosecutor is obliged to prevent violations of the fundamental rights of citizens, such as the right to freedom, human dignity, fair trial, and immunity from inhuman treatment, as an enforcer of the law. A comparative study of domestic laws and international documents indicates that the prosecutor's duty is not limited to prosecuting the accused, but also includes supervising the implementation of the law in such a way that criminal justice can be achieved in compliance with human rights standards. This article, with an analytical-critical approach, while explaining the theoretical foundations of the prosecutor's obligations in public law, examines the shortcomings in the Iranian legal system in the field of institutionalizing these responsibilities and offers suggestions for strengthening the human rights position of the prosecutor.