Scientific Paradigms: concepts, typologies, similarities and differences
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Abstract
Scientific paradigms are epistemic frameworks that guide the production of knowledge. They include ontological, epistemological, and methodological assumptions. Among the most notable are the positivist, interpretive, and critical paradigms. The interpretive paradigm differs from the positivist paradigm in seeking to understand social meanings from the perspective of actors and is similar to the critical paradigm in its interest in context, although without assuming a directly transformative stance. Regarding methodology, the interpretive paradigm is articulated with the qualitative approach, which prioritizes a deep understanding of complex phenomena. The hermeneutic method, associated with this approach, allows for the interpretation of discourses, texts, and human actions through a reflective, contextualized, and meaningful reading, which is key in social and educational research.