Regulatory Interventions by Local Authorities Addressing Unauthorized Artisanal Mining: A Case Study of Jayapura, Indonesia

Abstract

This study examines unauthorized mining activities in the Waena Camping Area of Jayapura City, Indonesia. The research focuses on community-based mining operations that emerged in 1998 during Indonesia's economic crisis, as individuals sought alternative sources of household income through informal mining practices, colloquially referred to as illegal mining. The investigation employs a normative juridical research methodology, utilizing an approach that analyzes legal materials, principles, concepts, and relevant legislation pertinent to the study's scope. Findings indicate significant environmental degradation, including alterations to the natural landscape, ecosystem disruption, and adverse impacts on river watersheds in proximity to the mining sites. Initially, miners employed rudimentary tools such as crowbars, hoes, and cauldrons. However, to enhance productivity, operations expanded to include heavy machinery, specifically excavators. Furthermore, regional government investigations revealed the utilization of mercury (Hg) for ore purification, raising additional environmental and health concerns. This research contributes to the understanding of the environmental and legal implications of unauthorized mining activities in the region, highlighting the need for improved regulatory frameworks and enforcement mechanisms.